Lenore researches agricultural land use policy, agricultural technologies (including controlled environment agriculture), and bioengineering in the food system. A leading researcher and author, she is also past Canada Research Chair in Food Security. Lenore Newman, is the Director of the Food and Agriculture Institute at the University of the Fraser Valley. Lenore Newman, BSc, MES, PhD – Advisor, Global Food Security Nitrous Oxide (NOx) emissions, associated with traditional ammonia, will be avoided by using a catalytic converter in engines and by injecting the liquid fertilizer deep into the ground and utilizing inhibitors (already standard practice) in farming. When used properly, in agriculture or as a fossil fuel replacement, the only discernible emissions will be water vapour, or in the case of agriculture, some hydrogen emissions which are completely inert. Once the green ammonia has been delivered, the hydrogen can be removed for use, or you can simply use the green ammonia as fuel. Distribution: Our green ammonia can be produced on-site, using our modular, scalable and portable production system, eliminating the need for a complex distribution system. Storage: Our green ammonia can be stored at normal temperatures without extreme pressurization.ģ. In fact, not only does the production of our green ammonia require less energy than producing hydrogen on its own, but it stores 65% more hydrogen than highly compressed pure hydrogen.Ģ. Manufacturing: Using our production system, our green ammonia requires less energy than conventional ammonia to produce, with no carbon emissions. There is no distribution infrastructure in place now that could handle hydrogen. Because it is the smallest molecule, hydrogen works its way between the crystalline structure of metals, making them brittle, resulting in cracking and failure. Distribution: Transporting hydrogen, which is highly volatile, is equally challenging. As a liquid, it boils off at normal temperatures.ģ. As a gas, it requires cryogenic storage or extreme pressure storage vessels to keep the hydrogen intact. Storage: Pure hydrogen is highly volatile and must be stored safely, but storing it is challenging. There is a great deal of interest in producing it using sustainable electricity, but the requirement for intensive energy to produce pure hydrogen remains – and there are two additional problems – storing and transporting it.Ģ. Today, roughly 95% of hydrogen is produced using fossil fuels in an emissions-intensive process, with each kilogram of hydrogen resulting in 10 kilograms of carbon being emitted. It needs to be produced, using electricity. Hydrogen doesn’t exist on Earth in its pure form. Manufacturing: The problems begin with its production.
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